Learn Grammar

Regular Verb Tenses

Present simple
used for action in the present, for things that are always true or that happen regularly, and for opinions and beliefs
I/we/you/they	arrive (do not arrive)
he/she/it	arrives (does not arrive)

Past simple
used for completed actions and events in the past
I/we/you/they	arrived (did not arrive)
he/she/it	arrived (did not arrive)

 

Future simple
Used for actions and events in the future
I/we/you/they	will arrive (will not arrive)
he/she/it	will arrive (will not arrive)

 

Present perfect
Used to show that an event happened or an action was completed at some time before the present
I/we/you/they	have arrived (have not arrived)
he/she/it	has arrived (has not arrived)

 

Past perfect
Used to show that an event happened or an action was completed before a particular time in the past
I/we/you/they	had arrived (had not arrived)
he/she/it	had arrived (had not arrived)

 

Future perfect
Used to show that something will be completed before a particular time in the future
I/we/you/they	will have arrived (will not have arrived)
he/she/it	will have arrived (will not have arrived)

 

Conditionals

There are three main types of conditional sentences. You can use these patterns to help you learn them:

    If (present tense),... will + infinitive

Use this pattern to talk about a possible condition and its likely result.

If she wins the next match, she'll be world champion.
I'll go with him if he asks me.

1. If (past tense),...would + infinitive
   
   
   Use this pattern to talk about a situation that is imagined or not very likely.
   If I was a millionaire, I'd sail around the world. formal: If I were a millionaire...
   I'd be sick if I ate all that cake.
   
2. If (past perfect),...would have+ past participle
   
   Use this pattern to talk about the possible result of an imagined situation in the past.
   If John had asked for my advice, I would have given it to him.
   She would have seen us if she had looked.
   

 

Present continuous/progressive
used for actions or events that are happening or developing now, for future plans, or to show that an event is repeated
I	am arriving (am not arriving)
you/we/they	are arriving (are not arriving)
he/she/it	is arriving (is not arriving)

 

 

Past continuous/progressive
Used for actions or events in the past that were not yet finished or that were interrupted
I	was arriving (was not arriving)
you/we/they	were arriving (were not arriving)
he/she/it	was arriving (was not arriving)

 

Future continuous/progressive
used for actions or events that will continue into the future
I /you/we/they	will be arriving (will not be arriving)
he/she/it	will be arriving (will not be arriving)

 

Present perfect continuous/progressive
used for actions or events that started in the past but are still happening now, or for past actions which only recently finished and their effects are seen now
I /you/we/they	have been arriving (have not been arriving)
he/she/it	has been arriving (has not been arriving)

 

Past perfect continuous/progressive
used for actions or events that happened for a period of time but were completed before a particular time in the past
I /you/we/they	had been arriving (had not been arriving)
he/she/it	had been arriving (had not been arriving)

 

Future perfect continuous/progressive
used for actions or events that will already be happening at a particular time in the future
I /you/we/they	will have been arriving (will not have been arriving)
he/she/it	will have been arriving (will not have been arriving)

 

Irregular verbs

 

INFINITIVE	PAST TENSE	PAST PARTICIPLE
Arise	arose	arisen
Awake	awoke	awoken

 

Be	was/were	been
bear	bore	borne
beat	beat	beaten, (also US) beat
become	became	become
befall	befell	befallen
begin	began	begun
bend	bent	bent
bet	bet, betted	bet, betted
bid	bid, bade	bid, bidden
bind	bound	bound
bite	bit	bitten
bleed	bled	bled
blow	blew	blown
break	broke	broken
breed	bred	bred
bring	brought	brought
broadcast	broadcast, (also US) broadcasted	broadcast, (also US) broadcasted
build	built	built
burn	burnt, burned	burnt, burned
burst	burst	burst
bust	(UK) bust, (US) busted	(UK) bust, (US) busted
buy	bought	bought

 

cast	cast	cast
catch	caught	caught
choose	chose	chosen
cling	clung	clung
come	came	come
cost	cost	cost
creep	crept	crept
cut	cut	cut

 

deal	dealt	dealt
dig	dug	dug
dive	dived, (also US) dove	dived
draw	drew	drawn
dream	dreamed, dreamt	dreamed, dreamt
drink	drank	drunk
drive	drove	driven
dwell	dwelt, dwelled	dwelt, dwelled

 

eat

ate

eaten

 

fall	fell	fallen
feed	fed	fed
feel	felt	felt
fight	fought	fought
find	found	found
flee	fled	fled
fling	flung	flung
fly	flew	flown
forbid	forbade	forbidden
forecast	forecast, forecasted	forecast, forecasted
foresee	foresaw	foreseen
forget	forgot	forgotten
forgive	forgave	forgiven
forgo	forwent	forgone
forsake	forsook	forsaken
freeze	froze	frozen

 

get	got	got, (also US) gotten
give	gave	given
go	went	gone
grind	ground	ground
grow	grew	grown

 

hang	hung, hanged	hung, hanged
have	had	had
hear	heard	heard
hide	hid	hidden
hit	hit	hit
hold	held	held
hurt	hurt	hurt

 

input

inputted, input

inputted, input

 

keep	kept	kept
kneel	knelt, kneeled	knelt, kneeled
know	knew	known

 

lay	laid	laid
lead	led	led
lean	leaned, (also UK) leant	leaned, (also UK) leant
leap	leapt, leaped	leapt, leaped
learn	learned, (also UK) learnt	learned, (also UK) learnt
leave	left	left
lend	lent	lent
let	let	let
lie	lay	lain
light	lit, lighted	lit, lighted
lose	lost	lost

 

make	made	made
mean	meant	meant
meet	met	met
mislay	mislaid	mislaid
mislead	misled	misled
misread	misread	misread
misspell	misspelled, (also UK) misspelt	misspelled, (also UK) misspelt
mistake	mistook	mistaken
misunderstand	misunderstood	misunderstood
mow	mowed	mown, mowed

 

outdo	outdid	outdone
outgrow	outgrew	outgrown
overcome	overcame	overcome
overdo	overdid	overdone
overhang	overhung	overhung
overhear	overheard	overheard
override	overrode	overridden
overrun	overran	overrun
oversee	oversaw	overseen
oversleep	overslept	overslept
overtake	overtook	overtaken
overthrow	overthrew	overthrown

 

pay	paid	paid
plead	pleaded, (also US) pled	pleaded, (also US) pled
prove	proved	proved, (also US) proven
put	put	put

 

quit

quit

quit

 

read	read	read
rebuild	rebuilt	rebuilt
repay	repaid	repaid
rethink	rethought	rethought
rewind	rewound	rewound
rewrite	rewrote	rewritten
rid	rid	rid
ride	rode	ridden
ring	rang	rung
rise	rose	risen
run	ran	run

 

saw	sawed	sawn, (also US) sawed
say	said	said
see	saw	seen
seek	sought	sought
sell	sold	sold
send	sent	sent
set	set	set
sew	sewed	Sewn, sewed
shake	shook	Shaken
shear	sheared	Sheared, shorn
shed	shed	shed
shine	shone	shone
shoot	shot	shot
show	showed	shown, showed
shrink	shrank	shrunk
shut	shut	shut
sing	sang	sung
sink	sank	sunk
sit	sat	sat
slay	slew	slain
sleep	slept	slept
slide	slid	slid
sling	slung	slung
slink	slunk	slunk
slit	slit	slit
smell	smelled, (also UK) smelt	smelled, (also UK) smelt
sow	sowed	sown, sowed
speak	spoke	spoken
speed	sped, speeded	sped, speeded
spell	spelled, (also UK) spelt	spelled,(also UK) spelt
spend	spent	spent
spill	spilled, (also UK) spilt	spilled, (also UK) spilt
spin	spun	spun
spit	spat, (also US) spit	spat, (also US) spit
split	split	split
spoil	spoiled, spoilt	spoiled, spoilt
spread	spread	spread
spring	sprang	sprung
stand	stood	stood
steal	stole	stolen
stick	stuck	stuck
sting	stung	stung
stink	stank, (also US) stunk	stunk
stride	strode	strode
strike	struck	struck
string	strung	strung
strive	strove, strived	strived ,striven
swear	swore	sworn
sweep	swept	swept
swell	swelled	swollen, swelled
swim	swam	swum
swing	swung	swung

 

take	took	taken
teach	taught	taught
tear	tore	torn
tell	told	told
think	thought	thought
throw	threw	thrown
thrust	thrust	thrust
tread	trod	trodden

 

undercut	undercut	undercut
undergo	underwent	undergone
understand	understood	understood
undertake	undertook	undertaken
undo	undid	undone
unwind	unwound	unwound
uphold	upheld	upheld
upset	upset	upset

 

wake	woke	woken
wear	wore	worn
weave	wove, weaved	woven, weaved
weep	wept	wept
wet	wet, wetted	wet, wetted
win	won	won
wind	wound	wound
withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn
withhold	withheld	withheld
withstand	withstood	withstood
wring	wrung	wrung
Write	wrote	written